Contents: 1. Razón del presente estudio -- 2. La formación del Derecho -- 3. Ortega y el Derecho natural -- 4. Ortega y el espíritu popular o "Volksgeist" -- 5. El Derecho y la Moral -- 6. Derecho y ley positiva -- 7. Colofón.

O presente artigo pretende esclarecer a problemática da epistemologia como fundamento para a compreensão filosófica das ciências. Para isso, contamos com a visão do filósofo francês Gaston Bachelard (1884-1962), focando principalmente no seu texto O racionalismo aplicado (publicado em 1949) e a sua teoria que busca demonstrar a complexidade presente nas linhas de pensamento construídas na história da filosofia: o empirismo e o racionalismo.

Se presentan los resultados de un estudio cuyo objetivo general fue identificar y caracterizar el patron estructural de las prácticas pedagógicas recurrentes en los departamentos de educación de espacios patrimoniales musealizados de la Región Metropolitana de Chile, ejemplo de país con perfil identitario pluricultural. La muestra parte de los 87 museos y organizaciones del Registro Nacional de Museos del gobierno (RMC). Se utilizó un diseño exploratorio secuencial (cuan – CUAL) que incorpora análisis estadísticos descriptivos, fases, criterios e instrumentos del método (...) OEPE. Permitió acotar la muestra a 16 y trasladar sus líneas a la base de datos OEPE. Seguido a esto (fase CUAL), la muestra se sometió a los indicadores de la escala validada Q-Edutage. Finalmente, se realizaron análisis descriptivos para los 5 departamentos educativos cuartil 1. La óptica se sitúa en la correlación de ámbitos y agentes educativos como fenómeno. Los nodos estructurales fueron metodología, tipologías de diseño, estrategias pedagógicas, recursos y cauces de participación e interacción comunicativa en entornos virtuales. De la estructura se infieren los cuatro principios del fenómeno, los cuales se ocupan de (1) la capacitación profesional, (2) los artefactos facilitadores, (3) la tecnología aplicada y (4) los mecanismos favorecedores de la interacción. (shrink)

Se intenta mostrar la génesis de la corriente denominada "Informal logic" y la conceptualizacién de dos temas instrumentales que se pueden enseñar desde esta perspectiva: las clases de argumentación según su estructura y la técnica de diagramación de Monroe Beardsley.

Reponse to Peter Milne (2005)'s argument agaist maximalism about truthmaking.

Com o objetivo de ressaltar a importancia da fabulaç áo , como meio de expressáo do exercicio filosofico, em Plat áo , reconstituem-se inicialmente, neste artigo, os principais passos do Teeteto, cujo final aporético decorreria da n áo exploraç áo pelos interlocutores das hipoteses da Reminiscencia e das Ideias, as quais n áo se restringem ao logos mais estrito nem se dissociam do relato mitico. Em seguida, evidencia-se que, sobretudo a partir dos dialogos da maturidade, a recriaç áo poetica da (...) tradiç áo constitui um suporte doutrindrio indispensável.  . (shrink)

O texto apresenta o pensamento de Friedrich Nietzsche sobre os fundamentos da religião cristã. Trata-se de uma abordagem em que se traz à tona criticas, entendidas como posicionamento filosófico do autor de O Anticristo. Considerando-se que a fé e a verdade são temáticas que estão indissociáveis na Crítica de Nietzsche à religião cristã, buscou-se denotar a importância destes assuntos atrelados à convicção religiosa no cristianismo. Isso porque, em conformidade com a perspectiva de Nietzsche, é um posicionamento que desafiou a cosmovisão (...) de seu tempo, e perdura ainda até hoje. Isto é, a respeito da conjuntura religiosa do contexto social e religioso do século XIX, mas que hodierno instiga apreciação investigativa. (shrink)

Com o objetivo de ressaltar a importancia da fabulaç áo , como meio de expressáo do exercicio filosofico, em Plat áo , reconstituem-se inicialmente, neste artigo, os principais passos do Teeteto, cujo final aporético decorreria da n áo exploraç áo pelos interlocutores das hipoteses da Reminiscencia e das Ideias, as quais n áo se restringem ao logos mais estrito nem se dissociam do relato mitico. Em seguida, evidencia-se que, sobretudo a partir dos dialogos da maturidade, a recriaç áo poetica da (...) tradiç áo constitui um suporte doutrindrio indispensável.  . (shrink)

Research question and aimClinical Ethics Committees (CECs) aim to support healthcare professionals (HPs) and healthcare organizations to deal with the ethical issues of clinical practice. In 2020,...

At Aur. Vict. Caes. 10.5, the reading lautus should be retained; -que is a dittography and should be deleted. At 13.3, satis should be emended into sagatis. This article also provides a brief analysis of Victor's references to clothing and attempts to explain why he comments on the Dacian costume at 13.3, the only ethnographic reference to clothing in the entire work.

Motor learning can be defined as a process that leads to relatively permanent changes in motor behavior through repeated interactions with the environment. Different strategies can be adopted to achieve motor learning: movements can be overtly practiced leading to an amelioration of motor performance; alternatively, covert strategies (e.g., action observation) can promote neuroplastic changes in the motor system even in the absence of real movement execution. However, whether a training regularly alternating action observation and execution (i.e., Action Observation Training, AOT) (...) may surpass the pure motor practice (MP) and observational learning (OL) remains to be established. To address this issue, we enrolled 54 subjects requiring them to learn tying nautical knots via one out of three types of training (AOT, MP, OL) with the scope to investigate which element mostly contributes to motor learning. We evaluated the overall improvement of each group, along with the predictive role that neuropsychological indexes exert on each treatment outcome. The AOT group exhibited the highest performance improvement (42%), indicating that the regular alternation between observation and execution biases participants toward a better performance. The reiteration of this sequence provides an incremental, adjunct value that super-adds onto the efficacy of motor practice or observational learning in isolation (42% > 25% + 10%, i.e., OL + MP). These findings extend the use of the AOT from clinical and rehabilitative contexts to daily routines requiring the learning and perfectioning of new motor skills such as sports training, music, and occupational activities requiring fine motor control. (shrink)

El estudio reflexiona sobre la relación entre la mística y la política a través del discurso de una serie de pensadoras contemporáneas que comprometieron su vida con la causa de los oprimidos y de las víctimas. Dorothy Day, Etty Hillesum, María Skobtsov, Edith Stein, Simone Weil y María Zambrano, con su escritura humanizadora y de resistente, nos proporcionan un mensaje con el que construir un pensamiento compasivo y poético para iluminar un mundo desencantado.

O livro do Prof. Marcelo Dascal enfoca a significação (em textos literários, jurídicos, científicos) com um compromisso metodológico explícito. É providencial para quem argumenta, sistematicamente, em favor de uma compreensão sobre interações sociais particulares (face a face) e recorrentes, como fazemos no campo da pedagogia. Aborda muitos temas (digressões, metáforas, controvérsias, mal entendidos, leis, chistes, sonhos, arte, entre outros recortes), mas com um fio condutor. Esse fio é “uma teoria da comunicação essencialmente griceana” (p.6), levando o (a) leitor(a) a compartilhar (...) o tratamento epistemológico da pragmática, sobre uma base filosófica e lingüística. (shrink)

This paper critically compares the philosophy of Günther Anders and the contemporary transhumanists, like Julian Savulescu, Ingmar Persson, or Thomas Douglas. The Andersian concepts of moral blindness, promethean gap, and promethean shame will be discussed in order to understand human beings’ outdatedness; parallel to this, we will also expose the transhumanist analysis on the unfitness of human beings in evolutive and cognitive terms. We will show that much of the transhumanist analysis is a reformulation of the Andersian thesis, now under (...) scientific terminology. Finally, we will approach the transhumanist proposal of moral enhancement, explaining and confronting some critics raised on the grounds of freedom and moral responsibility. (shrink)

Taxonomies and ontologies for the characterization of everyday sounds have been developed in several research fields, including auditory cognition, soundscape research, artificial hearing, sound design, and medicine. Here, we surveyed 36 of such knowledge organization systems, which we identified through a systematic literature search. To evaluate the semantic domains covered by these systems within a homogeneous framework, we introduced a comprehensive set of verbal sound descriptors, which we used to manually label the surveyed descriptor classes. We reveal that most taxonomies (...) and ontologies were developed to characterize higher-level semantic relations between sound sources in terms of the sound-generating objects and actions involved, or in terms of the environmental context. This indicates the current lack of a comprehensive ontology of everyday sounds that covers simultaneously all semantic aspects of the relation between sounds. Such an ontology may have a wide range of applications and purposes, ranging from extending our scientific knowledge of auditory processes in the real world, to developing artificial hearing systems. (shrink)

Desde la tradición de los estudios de gubernamentalidad y sus resonancias en las sociologías políticas y de la educación, en este artículo se recuperan los debates vigentes en torno a las nociones de gubernamentalidad, gobierno y biopolítica desarrolladas en la vasta obra de Michel Foucault y sus continuadoras/es para enlazarlas con las discusiones sobre el objeto de estudio y el campo teórico de la política educativa, enfatizando el potencial analítico que ofrece su grilla de inteligibilidad para los fenómenos educativos propios (...) de las sociedades posdisciplinares. En esa dirección, este trabajo esboza una serie de propuestas epistemológicas, teóricas y metodológicas producidas a partir de una investigación empírica recientemente finalizada (Aguirre, 2022), de corte descriptivo y de carácter cualitativo. En vistas a estos propósitos, se producen diálogos interdisciplinares a la vez que se tensionan y discuten algunos supuestos clásicos y tradicionales de la política educativa, para incitar una renovación analítica que posibilite el estudio de las relaciones sociales de autogobierno y gobierno de las/os otras/os en tanto articulaciones históricas entre el saber, el poder y la subjetividad. Finalmente, se exponen algunos indicios y propuestas para el abordaje sociológico de los fenómenos educativos contemporáneos, que convocan y promueven la necesidad de producir ciertos desplazamientos epistemológicos en el campo teórico de la política educativa, así como invitan a la reconfiguración de sus objetos de estudio en el marco de la adscripción a un enfoque posestructuralista. (shrink)

This paper presents an ontological perspective that enables evaluating the effectiveness of business models from an integrative worldview. Different groups’ fragmented and reductionist views on this topic create a dichotomy that makes it difficult to compare and analyze them in practice. Such groups use different values for some components, which may result in neglecting others and their interrelationship. This study discusses a functional characteristic of business models that academia still needs to address. It explores new frontiers in the field, such (...) as business models for networks, sustainability, and their practical evaluation. To achieve an integrative ontology and avoid focusing on specific constructs or systems at the expense of others, we draw upon the theory of worldviews from Wilhelm Dilthey, reformational philosophy, and Herman Dooyeweerd’s theory of modal aspects. Society should move beyond dualistic thinking and embrace practical and applicable solutions. To help companies develop effective models, we introduce a new business model framework based on an integrative worldview that enables comparisons and evaluations of companies in practice. Creating competitive advantages and value appropriations synergizes with essential aspects of reformational philosophy. Analyzing and interrelating such elements are fundamental to understanding the real applied value of business models. (shrink)

The feeling of being alive still constitutes a major blind spot of contemporary affective sciences research. The mainstream view accepts it as an ‘umbrella notion’ comprising different states, such as M. Ratcliffe’s «feelings of being», T. Fuchs’s «feeling of being alive», E.M. Engelen’s «Gefühl des Lebendigseins», etc. In contrast, I argue for an account of the feeling of being alive as a unique feeling that can be described in several ways. Empirical support for this view comes mainly from Carvalho and (...) Damasio’s hypothesis of the distinctiveness of the interoceptive system as the physiological underpinning of this feeling. This account is also in line with many other approaches recognizing the role of interoception proper in mind and subjectivity grounding, collected by Tsakiris and De Presteer. Over recent decades, Damasio’s organic descriptions have been widely acknowledged as neurophysiological counterparts of philosophical/psychological concepts. However, in my view they have been often misinterpreted, especially due to the mainstream Ratcliffian interpretation mediating his ideas amongst philosophers. Throughout the paper, a critical inquiry into Damasio’s conceptualization is provided, by means of conceptual analysis and an overall taxonomy of the several affective states he has proposed over the past few decades. Ultimately, a critical discussion of his own account of the feeling of being alive is offered from a philosophical viewpoint. (shrink)